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Smoking weakens the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus more easily

Whereas most studies concerning tobacco smoke exposure have addressed the risk of carcinogenesis, our work has continuously focused on the impact of tobacco exposure, particularly that present at the time of cancer diagnosis and throughout treatment, on modulation of tumor biology, anti-tumor immunity and ultimately the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy regimens [3, 4, 10, 11]

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So while the science is still developing, the evidence suggests that smoking doesnt just harm the lungs and heart, it also increases the risk of IBS and makes symptoms harder to manage

No other financial disclosures were reported by the authors of this paper

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