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The advantages are real: testosterone levels are highly controllable, can be pushed into the upper physiological range reliably, and the pharmacokinetics of injectable esters are well-characterized after decades of clinical use

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Signal Transduct Target Therapy 2:19 Liu Y, Bao Z, Xu X, Chao H, Lin C, Li Z, Liu Y, Wang X, You Y, Liu N (2017b) Extracellular signal-regulated kinase/nuclear factor-erythroid2-like2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway-mediated mitophagy alleviates traumatic brain injury-induced intestinal mucosa damage and epithelial barrier dysfunction

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In addition, loss of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a central regulator of ferroptosis, leads to hemolytic anemia and increases spleen erythroid progenitor death through receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3)-dependent necroptosis signaling 48