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Vaping Dependence Assessment Questionnaire PDF Electronic Cigarette Air Pollution Abbreviation: PSECDI, Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index. Download Scientific Diagram Development of a Questionnaire for Assessing Dependence on Electronic Cigarettes Among a Large Sample of Ex Smoking E cigarette Users PMC E cigarette use to reduce cigarette smoking may not increase nicotine dependence Penn State University Using the Penn State Nicotine Dependence Index (possible range 020), #ecig dependence increased slightly through Week 4 and then declined. At all timepoints, ecig dependence was significantly lower than combustible cigarette dependence. Nicotine dependence and associated factors among persons who use electronic e cigarettes in Malaysia an online survey Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy Springer Nature Link

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