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In the same experimental model, NaHS also prevented mitochondrial production of ROS and apoptosis, reduced nitrite levels and Mn-SOD activity, restored mitochondrial function, and decreased mitochondrial swelling in the brain of rats with HHcy [142]

Furthermore, elevation in ELF GSH levels was not arbitrary since the CS induced GSH adaptive response after a 3d exposure period prevented GSH levels from dropping below basal levels

Recent studies have suggested that IF inhibits the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway, which is an important regulator of downstream parameters including TNF- and IL-6 (25), which is consistent with the results that IF could partly eliminate the inflammation caused by adipose tissue, with lower CRP and TNF- (26)

Moreover, HIF-1 also increases NADPH production from the HMP pathway to upregulate glutathione synthesis to maintain redox homeostasis

however, both of these systems are disrupted in TR/GR-null hepatocytes

Cooper DS, Kaplan MM, Ridgway EC, Maloof F, Daniels GH