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Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was also used to quantify the levels of mRNA produced in the tissue from the polymerase gamma (POLG), polymerase gamma 2 (POLG2), and mammalian mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) genes

Cells overproducing Ub-related enzymes were disrupted by sonication and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Qiagen) and Resource Q

Map3k14 deficiency disrupts NADPH production, induces the accumulation of ROS in cells, and eventually leads to the autophagic degradation of hexokinase 2

This protein is mainly located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and plays important roles in mitochondrial biogenesis and the maintenance of mitochondrial function

Oxidative stress in synapse development and function

The therapeutic targeting of SSG modifications confronts significant pharmacological constraints