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A mitochondrial DNA sequence variation affecting a subunit of NADPH-ubiquinone reductase (complex 1), a component of the electron transport chain responsible for generating superoxide, has also been associated with schizophrenia patients and with increased superoxide levels in post-mortem brain samples (Marchbanks et al

In contrast to the secretion and mRNA expression of t-PA, the secretion and gene expression of type 1 plasminogen activation inhibitor in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells is enhanced by homocysteine (Midorikawa et al, 2000)

Hirato, M

Tang, Foam cells in atherosclerosis, Clin

Variability in plant origin, harvesting conditions, and extraction methods can significantly alter phytochemical profiles, underscoring the importance of standardized manufacturing practices for clinical and translational applications (6)

Second, the role of metabolic reprogramming in ferroptosis highlights how sustained mechanical stress and inflammation reshape lipid, amino acid, iron, and glucose metabolic pathways in OA chondrocytes and synovial cells