10.1073/pnas.59.3.777
(2001) Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes is dependent upon cortical actin remodeling
Formulation Stabilizers: Triethanolamine, Carbomer, PEG-12, and Tetraacetic Acid
Altunbulakli C, Reiger M, Neumann AU, Garzorz-Stark N, Fleming M, Huelpuesch C, Castro-Giner F, Eyerich K, Akdis CA, Traidl-Hoffmann C

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus HNF-1: Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 HOGO: Human Genome Organisation 5-HT: 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors IC 50 : Half maximal inhibitory concentration ISEF: Intersystem extrapolation factor IVIVE: In vitro - in vivo extrapolation kDa: Kilodalton K i : Inhibition constant K m : Michaelis-Menten constant LC-MS/MS: Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry Log P: Lipophilicity MDRs: Medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases 4-MP: 4-Methylpyrazole mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid NAD + : Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH: Reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis NBP: Butylphthalide or l-3- n -butylphthalide NF-1: Nuclear factor-1 NSAID: Anti-inflammatory drug SSRI: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor OCD: Obsessive compulsive disorder PEG: Polyethylene glycols PK: Pharmacokinetics P-gp: P-glycoprotein RAF: Relative activity factor SGLT2: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus UGT: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase USF: Upstream stimulatory factor References Edenberg HJ, McClintick JN

In 2 compartment models, where the drug equilibrates between blood and (for example) adipose tissue, during elimination there is a sharp initial fall in blood levels followed by a gradual subsequent fall