51 in wheat and Zhang and Kirkham 52 in sorghum and sunflower observed a decline in leaf chlorophyll contents under drought stress conditions
The hydrocarbons are diverse and include: non-oxygenated hydrocarbons such as megastigma-3,7(E),9-triene, dihydrocurcumene, and -curcumene
Abbreviations TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine RANKL: Receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand TRAP: Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase BMD: Bone mineral density Cat-K: Cathepsin K MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells ROS: Reactive oxygen species H 2 O 2 : Hydrogen peroxide SOD: Superoxide dismutase GSH: Glutathione reductase CAT: Catalase MDA: Malondialdehyde Prdxs: Peroxiredoxins GPX: Glutathione peroxidase NQO1: NADPH ubiquinone oxidoreductase Runx2: Runt-related transcription factor 2 COL1 A1: Collagen type I alpha 1 ALP: Alkalinephosphatase BALP: Bonealkalinephosphatase OC: Osteocalcin OPN: Osteopontin BSP: Bone Sialoprotein Osx: Osterix TGF-: Transforming growth factor BMP: Bone morphogenetic protein COL-I : Collagen-I TFRD: Total flavonoids of rhizoma drynariae PGE2: Prostaglandin E2 Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 ARE: Antioxidant response element HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1 SA: Saikosaponin A BV/TV: Bone volume fraction Tb.N: Trabecular number Tb.Th: Trabecular thickness Cytc: Cytochrome c AMPK: Adenosine 5-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase PI3 K: Phosphoinositide-3 kinase Akt: Protein kinase B mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin Tb.Sp: Trabecular separation/spacing PINP: Propeptide of type I procollagen DPD: Deoxypyridinoline VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor HIF-1: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha ANGPTL4: Angiopoietin-like protein 4 IL: Interleukin MOB: Mouse primary osteoblast PICP: Procollagen type I carboxy-terminal peptide CTX: C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen NTX: N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen SIRT1: Silent information regulator 1 FoxOs: Forkhead Box O NF-KB: Nuclear factor kappa-B DOP: Diabetic osteoporosis TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor- NLRP3: NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 TRAF6: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 NFATc1: Nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 Gene PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor C/EBP: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein References Anam AK, Insogna K
erinaceus polysaccharides have immunomodulatory, lipid-lowering, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and intestinal regulation effects
Rubio-Portillo, E., Vzquez-Luis, M., Valle, C., Izquierdo-Muoz, A
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