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Inflammation-Immunity (Top Left): CP/CPPS triggers a local and systemic cytokine storm characterized by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8), immune cell infiltration, Th17/Treg imbalance, and the production of antisperm antibodies (AsAb)

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NAD+ powers energy production and recovery at the cellular level, including the mitochondrial output that fuels performance during workouts

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Cellular compartmentalization, glutathione transport, and its relevance in some pathologies

ROS can also play a role in cellular signaling pathways, triggering apoptosis, necrosis, or senescence depending on the cellular context