Again, the mechanisms involved are hypothesized to be the result of in-utero exposure to environmental stressors ( e.g ., less access to medical resources, including suboptimal prenatal care, maternal stress with potential effects on the fetus, early exposures to toxins, infections, or nutritional difficulties) [105, 108, 118-120]
Figure 1 2 Oxidative stress and inflammation in endometriosis There is evidence that endometriosis can be caused by retrograde menstruation (17), endometrial implantation, epithelial transformation (18), hormonal effects (19), and immune system dysfunction (20)
(188) concluded that sperm DNA fragmentation was predominantly investigated in relation to lifestyle and a few infertile conditions, and a substantial increase in research is warranted to establish sperm DNA fragmentation as a prognostic/diagnostic parameter to evaluate clinical scenarios and ART outcomes in human beings
PMC 2892607
253,254,255 OxLDL interacts with various receptors, such as lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), TLR4, and RAGE, activating inflammatory pathways and increasing ROS accumulation
Promoter engineering of AtSOD1 via CRISPR further demonstrated the potential to modulate expression levels in response to environmental cues, enhancing heat tolerance in Arabidopsis