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[PMC free article: PMC3428121] [PubMed: 22267330] 886

207 NF-B-driven autophagy is further enhanced through its interaction with inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs)

Edited by: Bergmeyer HU, Bergmeyer J, Grabl M

Thus, 275 mg/m 3 Tolerable concentration = = 0.3 mg/m 3 (300 g/m 3 ) 1000 where: 275 mg/m 3 was the NOEL for irritation in rats in a 4-week study (Appelman et al., 1986) and 1000 is the uncertainty factor (10 for interspecies variation, 10 for intraspecies variation and 10 for a less than long-term study and severity of effect, i.e., carcinogenicity associated with irritation)

However, high TMAO was associated with chronic inflammation and high IL-6 and CRP levels in 179 patients with kidney disease [21]

More clinical studies are needed to corroborate these conclusions