is oral b12 as effective as intramuscular injections Efficacy of different routes of vitamin supplementation for the treatment of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency: A systematic review and network meta-analysis Oral vs. Intramuscular Vitamin B12

The frequency of B12 injections depends on the individuals needs and the severity of the deficiency

doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.78

Researchers are exploring novel GLP-1 agonists with extended half-lives, allowing for less frequent dosing and potentially improving adherence

Before each injection, the vial may be allowed to sit at room temperature for a few minutes to reduce injection discomfort, but it should be returned to the refrigerator immediately after withdrawing the dose

Several mechanisms of resistance have been proposed including downregulation of CD38 expression on MM cells, increased expression of complement inhibitory proteins, development of neutralizing antibodies, and depletion of NK cells [26, 81, 82]

In men, studies demonstrate that it can increase testosterone levels, suggestion potentially it could be used as a post cycle therapy or TRT testosterone replacement therapy